Question types:
Mainly, there should be two kinds of questions: about persons or about . In either case, I may come with a few follow-up questions, like "How is this related to...?".

General remarks.   For persons, of course you should have a grasp of the general biography (when and where (s)he lived, what was his/her regular occupation(s)); but the most important part is the mathematics the person did or contributed to; and therefore also his/her interaction with other mathematicians. Persons about which I may ask questions include
Descartes
Fermat
van Schooten
Pascal
Huyghens
Barrow
Newton
Leibniz
Bernoulli (various family members)
Berkeley
Bayes
Euler
Legendre
Germain
Gauss
Cauchy
Lamé
Hamilton
Liouville
Kummer
Riemann
Dedekind
Cantor
Evidently, some of these people are more important than others; but you should be able to place all of them reasonably in time, space, main mathematical field(s),, and with respect to their connections with each others.

Mathematical subsubjects I may ask about include
The development of analytic geometry in the 17'th century.
The development of probability theory in the 17'th century.
The earlier and later approaches to "derivatives" et cetera (i. e. to what we today means with derived functions and differential calculus).
Newton's and Leibniz's different approaches to "calculus", and their "interaction".
The use of infinitesimals in (ordinary) calculus (det vi i dag kallar "elementär analys").
The use of infinitesimals in solving differential equations.
The use of power series in 17'th century calculus; in particular, the extended binomial theorem.
The development of statistics in the 18'th century; including error calculus.
The evolution of the function concept (especially in the 18'th century).
The development of modular calculations.
The earlier treatment of quadratic reciprocity, and the statement and solutions of the quadratic reciprocity theorem.
The attempts to prove Fermat's last theorem, and the development of ring theory.
Extensions of number systems in the 19'th century, and the development of set theory.
Important text books in mathematics in the 17'th and 18'th century.

The rest of Katz'es bookNo; that's probably going just a little too far.


Observera att engelskans 17'th century motsvarar svenskans 1600-talet, och så vidare!